
The indictment has not been seen by a judge, who could dismiss it.
One Texas lawyer said the charges were politically motivated.
He cites the case of Gregorio De La Rosa, who died on 26 April 26, 2001 inside a private prison in Willacy County, Texas.
The grand jury in Willacy County, near the US-Mexico border, accuses Mr Cheney of committing "at least misdemeanour assaults" of inmates by allowing other inmates to assault them.
It said there was a "direct conflict of interest" because Mr Cheney had influence over federal contracts awarded to prison companies.